Examining cultural elements essay

References and Further Reading 1.

Develop a range of instructional and assessment methods and test preparation methods. Instruction Linda Gojakformer NCTM President, noted that "Over the last three decades a variety of instructional strategies have been introduced with a goal of increasing student achievement in mathematics.

Such strategies include individualized instruction, cooperative learning, direct instruction, inquiry, scaffolding, computer-assisted instruction, and problem solving" with the flipped classroom being a recent addition to the list para.

Blended learning is also on the rise, which adds online learning to traditional classrooms. Thus, another goal for teachers is to investigate instructional and assessment methods and how they might be incorporated appropriately into lesson plans.

In its Principles to Actions: Ensuring Mathematical Success for All, NCTM indicated the following research-based mathematics teaching practices, which should be "consistent components of every mathematics lesson": Establish mathematics goals to focus learning.

Implement tasks that promote reasoning and problem solving. Use and connect mathematical representations. Facilitate meaningful mathematical discourse. Build procedural fluency from conceptual understanding. Support productive struggle in learning mathematics. Elicit and use evidence of student thinking.

Active student involvement reinforces learning. This is not to minimize the role of direct instruction, however. Students should become active in the learning process immediately upon entering the classroom.

Muschla, Muschla, and Muschla-Berry stated: Losing just the first five minutes daily amounts to 25 lost minutes per week of instruction and could amount to a loss of 20 class periods of instruction per school year.

Their solution is using a math-starter problem that students begin immediately upon entering the classroom. Each is designed to be completed in minutes, which includes reviewing the answer and any follow-up discussion. This strategy is also good for classroom management, as during this time the teacher can take attendance, pass back papers, interact individually with students, and observe students as they work p.

Strategies can help understand the problem, simplify the task, determine the cause of a problem, involve external aids to help identify problem solutions, use logic to help identify possible solutions.

Strategies can also identify a possible solution to serve as a starting point to solve a problem, or determine which possible solution is best. Strategies can employ geometric thinking, help you to function optimally while problem solving, and help solve multiple problems.

George Polya's Problem-Solving Techniques contain details of his four principles that have become a classic for math problem-solving: Assessment Assessing student understanding and designing instruction to meet learners' needs are challenging tasks.

Popham noted that assessment is a broad term: Assessments also include the variety of informal techniques a teacher might use to check on the status of students' skills for the purpose of guiding instruction rather than for grade-giving, such as when a teacher periodically projects multiple-choice questions on a screen during a lesson and asks students, "on the count of three," to hold up one of four prepared index cards showing the letter of what each student believes is the correct answer.

Blogging the Reel World

Popham,Preface section, para. See Part 2 of this essay for more on the role of assessment. Specific strategies for math and other content areas are included. CT4ME has an entire section devoted to standardized test preparation.

Mathagogy includes several two-minute videos from math educators around the world who are sharing how they approach teaching various topics. For example, teachers have uploaded how they introduce sine and cosine graphs, teach inquiry, algebraic literacy, prime numbers, proportions, probability, proof, and how they teach using Cuisenaire rods or using one question lessons.

Improving Instruction The following delves into theory and research; learning styles, multiple intelligences and thinking styles; and differentiated instruction and the educator's ideology.The world recently commemorated the th anniversary of end of World War I, which came to its close on November 11th, The last veterans of that unprecedentedly large-scale military conflict, all of them centenarians or supercentenarians, died in the late s and early s.

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Many students find essay writing to be an especially daunting task. Depending on the essay topic, research can take anywhere from a few hours to several days and .

- Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are two contrasting terms that are displayed by different people all over the world. Simply put, ethnocentrism is defined as “judging other groups from the perspective of one’s own cultural point of view.”.

Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays (Princeton University Press, ) is a book by Canadian literary critic and theorist, Northrop Frye, which attempts to formulate an overall view of the scope, theory, principles, and techniques of literary criticism derived exclusively from literature.

Frye consciously omits all specific and practical criticism, instead offering classically inspired theories.

CHAPTER ONE Ethnic Nationalism and Civic Nationalism. The discrimination between civic nationalism and ethnic nationalism is common in writings on nationalism and nations, whether it be as the civic-ethnic division, the political-cultural, or the Western-Eastern division.

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