Coming of age in samoa essay

Different tribes of Native Americans lived in the area that is now California for an estimated 13, to 15, years.

In her public career she resolved a set of major conflicting values in American society that afflict the female role.

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Thus, to the eyes of her audience she occupied successfully the accepted female role of mother and wife, albeit she had several divorces, to the extent that Time magazine referred to her in her later years as the Mother of the World. But at the same time she had a visibly successful career as an anthropologist, perhaps perceived as more successful by those outside of anthropology than inside.

She thus entered the public world of achievement, outside the boundary of the home that prescribes anonymity to most women, and mingled with major figures in science and politics. As a result, there developed a personality cult around Mead as a culture heroine.

Did Mead misrepresent Samoan culture?

Coming of Age in Samoa | Assignment Essays

And what are the implications for anthropological inquiry? These are the questions that I shall attempt to answer in this review. In the mid s it was a raging battle. In response to Francis Galton, his disciples in the eugenics movement, and their racist camp followers, the Boasian school of American anthropology replied with arguments for cultural determinism.

His arguments have been meticulously researched. These have largely been from those who were associated with Columbia University or who want to claim a Boasian intellectual paternity Weiner ; Harris a, b.

And they mainly point out that Boas was also concerned with the biological nature of man as witnessed by his physical anthropological studies.

He writes Harris b: Freeman concludes this section with a discussion of the development of the myth of Samoan culture as presented by Mead and the impact that this had on American intellectual life at the time it was published.

In this regard, the science of ethnography is similar to the sciences of geology and astronomy. The closest one could come to testing the results is to have a second ethnographer in the field in the same village at the same time as the first, or shortly afterwards.

Child marriage

But this does not mean that the validity of an ethnographic account cannot be tested. There are various ways to do this. And Freeman ingeniously uses them all. Freeman arrived in Western Samoa in April Freeman then returned and conducted further ethnographic research from and again in His refutation is thus based on six years of investigation in Samoa and research in archives and libraries that extended on and off over some 40 years.

However, it is important to note that Freeman is not attempting to provide an alternative ethnography of Samoan society in his book. He has been criticized by some of his reviewers for providing a biased and overly negative view of Samoan personality as a result of their misunderstanding the nature of a formal refutation and confusing it with an ethnography.

And he demonstrates that, contrary to Mead, competition for titles is intense, engendering bitter rivalries, and that prerogatives of rank are jealously guarded to prevent any attempt to alter precedence. Therefore, her argument that there was no jealously guarded body of traditions see Freeman a: It is not possible, as Mead claimed, to completely alter the social landscape with ease.

Freeman, using police records, shows that there is a high incidence of fighting and affrays between families within villages and between villages and concludes that the incidence of assault involving bodily injury is considerably higher than the American rate.

In a discussion on punishment, Freeman provides evidence to show that Mead was wrong in depicting Samoan society as neither severe or punitive. Mead claimed that the whole system of childrearing produced individuals who never learned the meaning of strong attachment to one person, and since there were no violent feelings learned during childhood there were no such feelings to be rediscovered during adolescence.

Samoans, she argued, do not form strong affectional ties with parents as their filial affection is diffused among a large group of relatives see Freeman a: Freeman, on the basis of his own research, concludes on the contrary that the primary bond between mother and child is very much a part of Samoan society.

As a result of the primary bonding and severe, physical punishment, Freeman writes a: This means that she comes to be feared and hated as well as loved and longed for, a combination of emotions that, in addition to producing ambivalence, significantly intensifies the feelings of an infant for the individual to whom it is bonded.

Mead claimed see Freeman a:The Reach Cambridge scholarship essay competition is designed for academically excellent high school students aged between 15 and 17 who would otherwise not . An Analysis of Yeats' The Second Coming - An Analysis of Yeats' The Second Coming Yeats' poem "The Second Coming," written in and published in in his collection of poems Michael Robartes and the Dancer, taps into the concept of the gyre and depicts the approach of a new world order.

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